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  2. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    IFR permits an aircraft to operate in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), which is essentially any weather condition less than VMC but in which aircraft can still operate safely. Use of instrument flight rules is also required when flying in "Class A" airspace regardless of weather conditions.

  3. Instrument meteorological conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_meteorological...

    A pilot's view of the runway just before landing in thick fog at night. In aviation, instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to flight instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), as opposed to flying by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR).

  4. Instrument rating in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_Rating_in_the...

    Under FAR 61.57, to be eligible to fly in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) an IFR-rated pilot must accomplish and log at least the following IFR procedures under actual or simulated IMC every 6 months: 6 instrument approaches. Holding procedures. Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems.

  5. Visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules

    Meteorological conditions that meet the minimum requirements for VFR flight are termed visual meteorological conditions (VMC). If they are not met, the conditions are considered instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and a flight may only operate under IFR. IFR operations have specific training requirements and certification required of ...

  6. Instrument rating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_rating

    Instrument rating refers to the qualifications that a pilot must have in order to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). It requires specific training and instruction beyond what is required for a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot certificate, including rules and procedures specific to instrument flying, additional instruction in meteorology, and more intensive training in flight ...

  7. List of transponder codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Transponder_Codes

    Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight below 18,000 ft ASL when no other code has been assigned. [7] ICAO: Non-discrete mode A code reserved use in mode S radar/ADS-B environment where the aircraft identification will be used to correlate the flight plan instead of the mode A code. [1] US: Used exclusively by ADS-B aircraft to inhibit mode 3A ...

  8. Special visual flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_visual_flight_rules

    The ICAO definition of Special VFR flight is a VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below visual meteorological conditions. [ 1 ] United States

  9. Pilot licensing and certification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_licensing_and...

    An instrument rating allows a pilot to fly in conditions of reduced visibility known as instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). When flying in these conditions, pilots follow instrument flight rules (IFR). The training provides the skills needed to complete flights with less than the VFR minimum requirements.