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Chainer was the first deep learning framework to introduce the define-by-run approach. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The traditional procedure to train a network was in two phases: define the fixed connections between mathematical operations (such as matrix multiplication and nonlinear activations) in the network, and then run the actual training calculation.
scikit-learn (formerly scikits.learn and also known as sklearn) is a free and open-source machine learning library for the Python programming language. [3] It features various classification, regression and clustering algorithms including support-vector machines, random forests, gradient boosting, k-means and DBSCAN, and is designed to interoperate with the Python numerical and scientific ...
The code is hosted on GitHub, and community support forums include the GitHub issues page, and a Slack channel. [citation needed] In addition to standard neural networks, Keras has support for convolutional and recurrent neural networks. It supports other common utility layers like dropout, batch normalization, and pooling. [12]
PyTorch 2.0 was released on 15 March 2023, introducing TorchDynamo, a Python-level compiler that makes code run up to 2x faster, along with significant improvements in training and inference performance across major cloud platforms.
LightGBM, short for Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, is a free and open-source distributed gradient-boosting framework for machine learning, originally developed by Microsoft. [4] [5] It is based on decision tree algorithms and used for ranking, classification and other machine learning tasks. The development focus is on performance and ...
Copilot’s OpenAI Codex is trained on a selection of the English language, public GitHub repositories, and other publicly available source code. [2] This includes a filtered dataset of 159 gigabytes of Python code sourced from 54 million public GitHub repositories. [15] OpenAI’s GPT-3 is licensed exclusively to Microsoft, GitHub’s parent ...
Google JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] [ 73 ] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and TensorFlow's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. [3] It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python. [4] [5] [6]