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Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) refers to a group of primary headaches that occurs with pain on one side of the head in the trigeminal nerve area and symptoms in autonomic systems on the same side, such as eye watering and redness or drooping eyelids. [1] [2]
Symptoms include excruciating burning, stabbing, or electrical headaches mainly near the eye and typically these sensations are only on one side of the body. The headache attacks are typically accompanied by cranial autonomic signs that are unique to SUNCT. Each attack can last from five seconds to six minutes and may occur up to 200 times daily.
Patients presenting with a headache originating at the posterior skull base should be evaluated for ON. This condition typically presents as a paroxysmal, lancinating or stabbing pain lasting from seconds to minutes, and therefore a continuous, aching pain likely indicates a different diagnosis. Bilateral symptoms are present in one-third of cases.
Cluster-like head pain may be diagnosed as secondary headache rather than cluster headache. [21] A detailed oral history aids practitioners in correct differential diagnosis, as there are no confirmatory tests for cluster headache. A headache diary can be useful in tracking when and where pain occurs, how severe it is, and how long the pain lasts.
Needle-in-the-eye syndrome, sharp short-lived head pain, [1] jabs and jolts syndrome [2] Ophthalmodynia periodica , also known as " ice-pick headache ", is a primary headache disorder , so it is not caused by any other conditions.
The first four of these are classified as primary headaches, groups 5-12 as secondary headaches, cranial neuralgia, central and primary facial pain and other headaches for the last two groups. [ 60 ] The ICHD-2 classification defines migraines , tension-types headaches, cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic headache as the main types ...
Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only one side of the cranium. Retrospective surveys indicated that paroxysmal hemicrania was more common in women.
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness and paralysis (ophthalmoplegia) of certain eye muscles (extraocular palsies). [1] In 2004, the International Headache Society provided a definition of the diagnostic criteria which included granuloma. [2]