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Among adults, it more commonly affects women than men – likely due to their closer contact with children. [2] The disease is the cause of decreased vision in 2.2 million people, of whom 1.2 million are completely blind. [2] Trachoma is a public health problem in 42 countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Central and South America. [7]
Chlamydia trachomatis (/ k l ə ˈ m ɪ d i ə t r ə ˈ k oʊ m ə t ɪ s /) is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium responsible for chlamydia and trachoma. C. trachomatis exists in two forms, an extracellular infectious elementary body (EB) and an intracellular non-infectious reticulate body (RB). [2]
Trachoma, commonly known as spectral orchids, [2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with leafy stems, crowded, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks and a large number of relatively small, short-lived flowers that often open in successive clusters.
Trachoma speciosum is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that forms clumps with many thick roots supporting thick stems 50–100 millimetres (2.0–3.9 in) long. There are between four and eight crowded thick, leathery lance-shaped leaves 80–140 millimetres (3.1–5.5 in) long and 20–25 millimetres (0.79–0.98 in) wide.
Trachoma papuanum is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb that forms clumps with a few thin roots and branching stems 30–60 millimetres (1.2–2.4 in) long. There are between three and six thick, fleshy, elliptic to egg-shaped, dark green leaves 50–80 millimetres (2.0–3.1 in) long, about 20 millimetres (0.79 in) wide and arranged in two ranks.
Following treatment, people should be tested again after three months. [2] Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. [4] [5] In 2015, about 61 million new cases occurred globally. [11] In the United States, about 1.4 million cases were reported in 2014. [3]
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Onchocerciasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworm species Onchocerca volvulus.The larvae of O. volvulus enter a human host when an infected female adult fly from the genus Simulium bites them.