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In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, they are derived from terrestrial (as opposed to marine) environments. [1] Consisting of sand , mud , and silt carried to sea by rivers , their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely ...
Turbidity currents, on the other hand, flow down slope across regional isobaths and are mainly responsible for supplying terrigenous sediment across continental margins to deep-water environments, such as continental rise, where fine particles are further carried in suspension by contour currents.
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic and industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences; according to Lindgren (1933) it is “the application of geology”.
Terrigenous material includes minerals from the lithosphere like feldspar or quartz. Volcanism on land, wind blown sediments as well as particulates discharged from rivers can contribute to Hemipelagic deposits. [3] These deposits can be used to qualify climatic changes and identify changes in sediment provenances. [4] [5]
Diamictite (/ ˈ d aɪ. əm ɪ k t aɪ t /; from Ancient Greek dia-: 'through' and meiktós (µεικτός): 'mixed') is a type of lithified sedimentary rock that consists of nonsorted to poorly sorted terrigenous sediment containing particles that range in size from clay to boulders, suspended in a matrix of mudstone or sandstone.
Authigenesis is the process whereby a mineral or sedimentary rock deposit is generated where it is found or observed. Such deposits are described as authigenic . Authigenic sedimentary minerals form during or after sedimentation by precipitation or recrystallization as opposed to detrital minerals, which are weathered by water or wind and ...
The following is a list of known orogenies organised by continent, starting with the oldest in each. The headings are present-day continents, which may differ from the geography contemporary to the orogenies.
[4] Longitudinal sedimentary tapering of pre-orogenic sediments correlates strongly with curvature of the submarine frontal accretionary belt in the South China Sea margin, suggesting that pre-orogenic sediment thickness is the major control on the geometry of frontal structures.