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The prefixes sec (from "secondary") and tert (from "tertiary") refer to the number of additional side chains (or carbons) connected to the first butyl carbon. The prefix "iso" or "iso" means "isolated" while the prefix 'n-' stands for "normal". Butan-2-yl (sec-butyl) group is chiral. The carbon atom at position 2 is a stereocenter.
n, iso and neo are no longer used in the systematic nomenclature, but still frequently in trivial names and in laboratory jargon. The prefix n describes a straight-chain carbon skeleton without branches, whereas iso describes a branched skeleton, without specifying any further details.
Exceptions are cyclo, iso, neo, and spiro which are considered part of the name and therefore not italicized or hyphenated. Substituent groups are also considered part of the name. In former versions of the IUPAC recommendations, names were written with a capital initial letter.
The R is the functional group attached to a tertiary carbon. If the functional group was an OH group, this compound would be commonly called tert-butanol or t-butanol. When a functional group is attached to a tertiary carbon, the prefix -tert (-t) is used in the common name for the compound. [4] An example of this is shown in the figure.
Trimethylsilyl, tert-butyl, and isopropyl groups can form stable carbocations, hence are ipso directing groups. Meso-substitution refers to the substituents occupying a benzylic position. It is observed in compounds such as calixarenes and acridines. Peri-substitution occurs in naphthalenes for substituents at the 1 and 8 positions. [citation ...
R/S and E/Z descriptors are assigned by using a system for ranking priority of the groups attached to each stereocenter. This procedure, often known as the sequence rules, is the heart of the CIP system.
Absolute configuration showing the determination of the R and S descriptors. In chemistry, absolute configuration refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecular entity (or group) that is chiral, and its resultant stereochemical description. [1]
The molecular configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. [1] The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism.