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Clipping differs from abbreviation, which is based on a shortening of the written, rather than the spoken, form of an existing word or phrase. Clipping is also different from back-formation , which proceeds by (pseudo-) morpheme rather than segment, and where the new word may differ in sense and word class from its source. [ 2 ]
cab Cabernet Sauvignon cabriolet caff (UK slang) café cal calorie (in combination, especially "lo-cal") Cal or Cali California Calcutta cam camera camouflage camo camouflage Can Canada or Canadian (in combination)
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
A shortening is an abbreviation formed by removing at least the last letter of a word (e.g. etc. and rhino), and sometimes also containing letters not present in the full form (e.g. bike). As a general rule, use a full point after a shortening that only exists in writing (e.g. etc.) but not for a shortening that is used in speech (e.g. rhino).
An abbreviation (from Latin brevis, meaning "short" [1]) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym) or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing period. For example: etc. is the usual abbreviation for et cetera.
The average length of a telegram in the 1900s in the US was 11.93 words; more than half of the messages were 10 words or fewer. [5] According to another study, the mean length of the telegrams sent in the UK before 1950 was 14.6 words or 78.8 characters. [6] For German telegrams, the mean length is 11.5 words or 72.4 characters. [6]
Back-formations are shortened words created from longer words, thus back-formations may be viewed as a sub-type of clipping. Each back-formation in this list is followed by the original word from which it was back-formed.
Parataxis (from Greek: παράταξις, "act of placing side by side"; from παρα, para "beside" + τάξις, táxis "arrangement") is a literary technique, in writing or speaking, that favors short, simple sentences, without conjunctions or with the use of coordinating, but not with subordinating conjunctions.