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Rounding to a specified power is very different from rounding to a specified multiple; for example, it is common in computing to need to round a number to a whole power of 2. The steps, in general, to round a positive number x to a power of some positive number b other than 1, are:
Prices are rounded down to the nearest multiple of 5 cents for sales ending in 1¢ & 2¢ (rounded to 0¢) and 6¢ & 7¢ (rounded to 5¢). Prices are rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5 cents for sales ending in 3¢ & 4¢ (round to 5¢) and 8¢ & 9¢ (round to 10¢). Values ending in 0¢ or 5¢ remain unchanged.
Likewise, 14 is a multiple of 2, so the product should be even. Furthermore, any number which is a multiple of both 5 and 2 is necessarily a multiple of 10, and in the decimal system would end with a 0. The correct answer is 210. It is a multiple of 10, 7 (the other prime factor of 14) and 3 (the other prime factor of 15).
The R40 numbers 3.00 and 6.00 are higher than they "should" be by interpolation, in order to give rounder numbers. In some applications more rounded values are desirable, either because the numbers from the normal series would imply an unrealistically high accuracy, or because an integer value is needed (e.g., the number of teeth in a gear).
Suppose a person uses a scale that has a precision of one kilogram, where intermediate values cannot be discerned, and the true weight is rounded to the nearest whole number. For example, 79.6 kg and 80.3 kg are indistinguishable, as the scale can only display values to the nearest kilogram.
Round to nearest, ties to even – rounds to the nearest value; if the number falls midway, it is rounded to the nearest value with an even least significant digit. Round to nearest, ties away from zero (or ties to away ) – rounds to the nearest value; if the number falls midway, it is rounded to the nearest value above (for positive numbers ...
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A round number is mathematically defined as an integer which is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors [12] [13] as compared to its neighboring numbers, such as 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 (4 factors, as opposed to 3 factors for 27; 2 factors for 21, 22, 25, and 26; and 1 factor for 23).