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Perinephritis is an infection of the surroundings of the kidney either right or left. It can be the result of extravasated infiltration of the bacteria out of the renal pelvis ( pyelonephritis ) or a result of another kidney infection.
Chronic pyelonephritis causes persistent flank or abdominal pain, signs of infection (fever, unintentional weight loss, malaise, decreased appetite), lower urinary tract symptoms and blood in the urine. [10] Chronic pyelonephritis can in addition cause fever of unknown origin.
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [ 19 ] Worldwide, the highest rates [ clarification needed ] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%.
Any process that causes mass effect can be a potential cause of Page kidney. Hematomas, urinomas, tumors, cysts, lymphoceles, and aneurysms have all been reported in the literature. [2] The compression is believed to cause activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) via microvascular ischemia. [citation needed]
Infective endocarditis - Infection that affects the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and can potentially cause a thrombus to form on one or more heart valves and, if left untreated, can cause septic emboli that can have many systemic effects, including deposition into the glomerulus, causing glomerulonephritis and nephritic syndrome. [25]
The bacteria that cause urinary tract infections typically enter the bladder via the urethra. However, infection may also occur via the blood or lymph . [ 7 ] It is believed that the bacteria are usually transmitted to the urethra from the bowel, with females at greater risk due to their anatomy. [ 7 ]
Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome ...
Interstitial nephritis is uncommon (<1% incidence) in patients without any symptoms but occurs in about 10-15% of hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury of unknown cause. [2] While it can occur in patients of all ages, it is more common in elderly patients, perhaps due to increased exposure to drugs and other triggering causes. [2]