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A rapier (/ ˈ r eɪ p i ər /) is a type of sword originally used in Spain (known as espada ropera-' dress sword ') and Italy (known as spada da lato a striscia). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name designates a sword with a straight, slender and sharply pointed two-edged long blade wielded in one hand. [ 4 ]
"Pariser" small sword, from which the French foil was derived. The modern foil is the training weapon for the small-sword, the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman. Rapier and even longsword foils are also known to have been used, but their weight and use were very different. [13] [14]
The épée (/ ˈ ɛ p eɪ, ˈ eɪ-/, French:; lit. ' sword '), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, [1] a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword. [2]
The term "rapier" appeared in the English lexicon via the French épée rapière which either compared the weapon to a rasp or file; it may be a corruption of "rasping sword" [39] which referred to the sound the blade makes [40] when it comes into contact with another blade. There is no historical Italian equivalent to the English word "rapier ...
The sabre is a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, including the head and both the hands. Sabre is the newest weapon to be used. Like the foil, the maximum legal weight of a sabre is 500 grams. The hand guard on the sabre extends from hilt to the point at which the blade connects to the pommel.
The small sword or smallsword (also court sword, Gaelic: claidheamh beag or claybeg, French: épée de cour, lit. “Sword of the court”) is a light one-handed sword designed for thrusting which evolved out of the longer and heavier rapier (espada ropera) of the late Renaissance.
However, in international competitions, the referees are required to use French. There are also associated hand motions the referees will make to indicate specific calls in order to bridge a potential language barrier. Most current referees are required to make calls both verbally and with the relevant hand motions to avoid any type of confusion.
Flamberge ("flaming"), from the French "flamber", is a term with many connotations, including swords without the flamed-blade. The term is a frequent name or alias for swords in medieval chansons de geste and romances, where it often just means a large sword. [6]