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Voriconazole, sold under the brand name Vfend among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections. [5] This includes aspergillosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, penicilliosis, and infections by Scedosporium or Fusarium. [5] It can be taken by mouth or used by injection into a vein. [5]
Itraconazole has a broader spectrum of activity than fluconazole (but not as broad as voriconazole or posaconazole). In particular, it is active against Aspergillus, which fluconazole is not. The mechanism of action of itraconazole is the same as the other azole antifungals: it inhibits the fungal-mediated synthesis of ergosterol .
Posaconazole, sold under the brand name Noxafil among others, is a triazole antifungal medication. [7] [8] It was approved for medical use in the European Union in October 2005, [6] and in the United States in September 2006. [5] [9] It is available as a generic medication. [10] [11]
It is commonly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. It is much more strongly antibacterial than antifungal, requiring at least a 10 times higher concentration to kill yeast compared to gram negative bacteria [24] Chlorophetanol; Diiodohydroxyquinoline (Iodoquinol) Flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine) – an antimetabolite pyrimidine analog [25] Fumagillin
In order to overcome limitations such as sub-optimal spectra of activity, drug-drug interactions, toxicity, development of resistance and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, analogues were developed. Second-generation triazoles, including voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole, are more potent and more active against resistant pathogens. [2]
Isavuconazonium, sold under the brand name Cresemba, is a systemic antifungal medication of the triazole class which is used to treat invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 12 ] It is used as the sulfate. [ 9 ]
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Miconazole is a widely used topical antifungal medication for the treatment of many fungal infections, namely skin infections, nail infections and vaginal candidiasis. The drug is usually formulated in creams, powders and sprays. However, it is suggested that patients developing acute porphyrias should avoid using this drug.
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