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High dynamic range (HDR), also known as wide dynamic range, extended dynamic range, or expanded dynamic range, is a signal with a higher dynamic range than usual. The term is often used in discussing the dynamic ranges of images , videos , audio or radio .
The highlights—the brightest parts of an image—can be brighter, more colorful, and more detailed. [2] The larger capacity for brightness can be used to increase the brightness of small areas without increasing the overall image's brightness, resulting in, for example, bright reflections from shiny objects, bright stars in a dark night scene, and bright and colorful light-emissive objects ...
Another aspect of HDR rendering is the addition of perceptual cues which increase apparent brightness. HDR rendering also affects how light is preserved in optical phenomena such as reflections and refractions, as well as transparent materials such as glass. In LDR rendering, very bright light sources in a scene (such as the sun) are capped at 1.0.
HDR10 Media Profile, more commonly known as HDR10, is an open high-dynamic-range video (HDR) standard announced on August 27, 2015, by the Consumer Electronics Association. [1] It is the most widespread HDR format. [2] HDR10 is not backward compatible with SDR. It includes HDR static metadata but not dynamic metadata.
HDR10+, also known as HDR10 Plus, was announced on 20 April 2017, by Samsung and Amazon Video. HDR10+ updates HDR10 by adding dynamic metadata that can be used to more accurately adjust brightness levels up to the full range of PQ code values (10,000 nits maximum brightness) on a scene-by-scene or frame-by-frame basis.
As an example, when a picture is taken indoors, the brightness of outdoor objects seen through a window may be 70 or 80 times brighter than objects inside the room. If exposure levels are set for objects inside the room, the bright image of the windows will bleed past the window frames when convolved with the Airy disc of the camera being used ...
Rec. 2100 defines two sets of HDR transfer functions which are perceptual quantization (PQ) and hybrid log-gamma (HLG). [3] HLG is supported in Rec. 2100 with a nominal peak luminance of 1,000 cd/m 2 and a system gamma value that can be adjusted depending on background luminance. [3]
Dolby Vision is a set of technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories for high dynamic range (HDR) video. [1] [2] [3] It covers content creation, distribution, and playback.[1] [4] [5] [6] It includes dynamic metadata that define the aspect ratio and adjust the picture based on a display's capabilities on a per-shot or even per-frame basis, optimizing the presentation.