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What is Liver Parenchymal Disease? Liver parenchymal disease encompasses a broad range of conditions that can affect the liver’s ability to perform its critical functions. These diseases can be acute, appearing suddenly and lasting a short time, or chronic, developing slowly over many years.
When a sonographic examination of your liver is done, the texture of the liver is highlighted. A normal liver's texture is uniform/ smooth. When the surface of the liver is irregular/ not uniform i.e. the liver parenchyma is irregular, it indicates some form of liver disease.
Normal liver: Homogeneous and even echo pattern. Cirrhosis: Heterogeneous texture with irregular echoes due to scarring and nodularity. Liver Size and Contour: Normal liver: Regular size and smooth contours. Cirrhosis: May display shrinkage, nodular surface, and irregular contours. Visibility of Blood Vessels:
Normal liver tissue appears homogeneous on ultrasound, meaning it has a uniform echo pattern. However, certain conditions can cause the liver to exhibit coarse echotexture, which is characterized by increased scattered echoes.
At the heart of these functions lies the hepatic parenchyma, a term that refers to the bulk of liver tissue. This guide aims to discuss the hepatic parenchyma, its functions, potential diseases, and the significance of imaging studies in diagnosing conditions affecting this vital tissue.
Echogenicity describes how readily sound waves bounce off tissues during an ultrasound examination, which is conducted by a specialist in radiology. A higher liver echogenicity indicates a higher fatty infiltration in the liver. Sound waves more readily bounce off fat cells than healthy liver tissue.
LIVER ECHOTEXTURE METHODS Each Reviewer was asked to review 64 randomized abdominal US images to rate the echotexture characteristics of the liver as homogeneous or heterogeneous and record their diagnostic confidence level using a 5-point Likert scale.
Normal hepatic parenchyma is homogeneous and uniform in echogenicity with medium echotexture (coarser echotexture than spleen). Echogenicity is generally evaluated in comparison with falciform fat, the right renal cortex and spleen.
Liver sonograms of a healthy rat: [2.A] Transversal sonogram shows homogeneous liver parenchyma, with medium level echogenicity and a regular hepatic surface (arrowheads); [2.B] Longitudinal sonogram presents right renal cortex more echogenic than liver parenchyma.
(a) US of liver (right) and spleen (left) showing a homogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma with relatively hyperechoic portal spaces. The hypoechogenicity of liver has been related with prolonged fasting and/or vomiting.