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Apache Spark has its architectural foundation in the resilient distributed dataset (RDD), a read-only multiset of data items distributed over a cluster of machines, that is maintained in a fault-tolerant way. [2] The Dataframe API was released as an abstraction on top of the RDD, followed by the Dataset API.
Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It involves saving a snapshot of an application's state, so that it can restart from that point in case of failure. This is particularly important for long-running applications that are executed in failure-prone computing systems.
LEON, a 32-bit radiation-tolerant, SPARC V8 implementation, designed especially for space use. Source code is written in VHDL , and licensed under the GPL . OpenSPARC T1 , released in 2006, a 64-bit, 32-thread implementation conforming to the UltraSPARC Architecture 2005 and to SPARC Version 9 (Level 1).
Determinism is an ideal characteristic for providing fault-tolerance. Intuitively, if multiple copies of a system exist, a fault in one would be noticeable as a difference in the State or Output from the others. The minimum number of copies needed for fault-tolerance is three; one which has a fault, and two others to whom we compare State and ...
There is a difference between fault tolerance and systems that rarely have problems. For instance, the Western Electric crossbar systems had failure rates of two hours per forty years, and therefore were highly fault resistant. But when a fault did occur they still stopped operating completely, and therefore were not fault tolerant.
A fault-tolerant computer system can be achieved at the internal component level, at the system level (multiple machines), or site level (replication). One would normally deploy a load balancer to ensure high availability for a server cluster at the system level. [3]
An error-tolerant design (or human-error-tolerant design [1]) is one that does not unduly penalize user or human errors. It is the human equivalent of fault tolerant design that allows equipment to continue functioning in the presence of hardware faults, such as a "limp-in" mode for an automobile electronics unit that would be employed if ...
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