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Thermal shock resistance measures can be used for material selection in applications subject to rapid temperature changes. The maximum temperature jump, , sustainable by a material can be defined for strength-controlled models by: [4] [3] = where is the failure stress (which can be yield or fracture stress), is the coefficient of thermal expansion, is the Young's modulus, and is a constant ...
They are, instead, gas-to-air heat exchangers that are typically made of stamped steel sheet metal. The combustion products pass on one side of these heat exchangers, and air to heat on the other. A cracked heat exchanger is therefore a dangerous situation that requires immediate attention because combustion products may enter living space.
The brittle fracture theory of Stoloff and Johnson, [14] Westwood and Kamdar [15] proposed that the adsorption of the liquid metal atoms at the crack tip weakens inter-atomic bonds and propagates the crack. Gordon [16] postulated a model based on diffusion-penetration of liquid metal atoms to nucleate cracks which, under stress, grow to cause ...
mild steel cracks in the presence of alkali (e.g. boiler cracking and caustic stress corrosion cracking) and nitrates; copper alloys crack in ammoniacal solutions (season cracking); high-tensile steels have been known to crack in an unexpectedly brittle manner in a whole variety of aqueous environments, especially when chlorides are present.
Corrosion in the crevice between the tube and tube sheet (both made of type 316 stainless steel) of a heat exchanger in a seawater desalination plant. Crevice corrosion is a localized form of corrosion occurring in confined spaces (crevices), to which the access of the working fluid from the environment is limited.
Turning your slow cooker on with the clamps firmly in place can be hazardous: Steam may build up and affect the way your food cooks or, in extreme cases, cause the lid or the crock to crack.
Extreme heat can be dangerous for runners, cyclists and outdoor enthusiasts: 6 tips for staying safe. Susan Yeargin for The Conversation. August 2, 2024 at 7:30 AM. SAUL LOEB // AFP via Getty Images.
A common form of crevice failure occurs due to stress corrosion cracking, where a crack or cracks develop from the base of the crevice where the stress concentration is greatest. This was the root cause of the fall of the Silver Bridge over the Ohio River , in 1967 in West Virginia , where a single critical crack only about 3 mm long suddenly ...