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Spilanthol (affinin) is a fatty acid amide isolated from Acmella oleracea. [1] It is believed to be responsible for the local anesthetic properties of the plant. [2]Spilanthol permeates the human skin [3] and the inside lining of the cheeks in the mouth (buccal mucosa), [4] resulting in local as well as systemic pharmacological concentrations.
The most important taste-active molecules present are fatty acid amides such as spilanthol, which is responsible for the trigeminal and saliva-inducing effects of the plant. [18] It also contains stigmasteryl-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside and a number of triterpenes. The isolation and total synthesis of the active ingredients have been reported. [19]
Numerous species once included in Spilanthes are now considered members of other genera. The best known of these is the toothache plant, which was formerly Spilanthes acmella but is now considered part of its own genus and is referred to as Acmella oleracea. [7]
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