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Fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of "aft") [1] Preposition form is "before", e.g. "the mainmast is before the mizzenmast". Inboard: attached inside the ship. [14] Keel: the bottom structure of a ship's hull. [15] Leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of "windward"). [16]
Most fore-and-aft rigged vessels have the following types of standing rigging: a forestay, a backstay, and upper and lower shrouds (side stays). Less common rigging configurations are diamond stays and jumpers. Both of these are used to keep a thin mast in column especially under the load of a large down wind sail or in strong wind.
Fore-and-aft rigs include: Rigs with one mast: the proa, the catboat, the sloop, the cutter; Rigs with two masts: the ketch, the yawl; Rigs with two or more masts: the schooner; Barques and barquentines are partially square rigged and partially fore-and-aft rigged. A rig which combines both on a foremast is known as a hermaphroditic rig.
Fore-and-aft rig features sails that run fore and aft (along the length of the sailing craft), controlled by lines called "sheets", that changes sides, as the bow passes through the wind from one side of the craft to the other. Fore-and-aft rig variants include: Bermuda rig (also known as a Marconi rig) features a three-sided mainsail.
A square-rigged sailing vessel carries both fore-and-aft sails, the jibs, staysails and mizzen sail, and square sails. Their naming conventions are: [ 7 ] For jibs, attached to a bow sprit , (from forward, aftwards): flying, outer, and inner jibs, and the fore-topmast staysail, forestaysail, and foresail.
The key distinction between a ship and a barque (in modern usage) is that a ship carries a square-rigged mizzen topsail (and therefore that its mizzen mast has a topsail yard and a cross-jack yard) whereas the mizzen mast of a barque has only fore-and-aft rigged sails. The cross-jack yard was the lowest yard on a ship's mizzen mast.
fore-topmast stay goes to the end of the bowsprit, a little beyond the forestay, on which the fore-topmast staysail runs on hanks. main-topmast stay attaches to the hounds of the foremast, or comes on deck. mizzen-topmast stay goes to the hounds of the main-mast. top-gallant, royal, or any other masts have each a stay, named after their ...
Turning the air speed knob that pushes the tube carrying the wind direction shaft fore or aft. A housing at the end of this tube carries the wind bar, so rotating the airspeed drum moves the entire wind speed calculation fore and aft to account for increasing or decreasing airspeed. [28]