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  2. Genetic distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_distance

    This distance assumes that genetic differences arise due to mutation and genetic drift, but this distance measure is known to give more reliable population trees than other distances particularly for microsatellite DNA data. This method is not ideal in cases where natural selection plays a significant role in a populations genetics.

  3. Pedigree chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_chart

    The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts.

  4. Pedigree collapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedigree_collapse

    This typically happens when the parents of an ancestor are related to each other (sometimes unbeknownst to themselves). [3] [4] For example, the offspring of two first cousins has at most only six great-grandparents instead of the usual eight. This reduction in the number of ancestors is referred to as pedigree collapse.

  5. Punnett square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square

    These tables can be used to examine the genotypical outcome probabilities of the offspring of a single trait (allele), or when crossing multiple traits from the parents. The Punnett square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance , a fundamental concept in genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel . [ 10 ]

  6. Gene mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping

    There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.

  7. Heredity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredity

    Organisms inherit genetic material from their parents in the form of homologous chromosomes, containing a unique combination of DNA sequences that code for genes. The specific location of a DNA sequence within a chromosome is known as a locus. If the DNA sequence at a particular locus varies between individuals, the different forms of this ...

  8. Family resemblance (anthropology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_resemblance...

    American Journal of Human Genetics. 26 (3): 331– 59. PMC 1762612. PMID 4857114. Slatis HM, Hoene RE (March 1961). "The Effect of Consanguinity on the Distribution of Continuously Variable-Characteristics". American Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (1 Pt 1): 28– 31. PMC 1932098. PMID 17948464

  9. Centimorgan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimorgan

    In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01. It is often used to infer distance along a ...