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The "all-or-nothing thinking distortion" is also referred to as "splitting", [20] "black-and-white thinking", [2] and "polarized thinking." [21] Someone with the all-or-nothing thinking distortion looks at life in black and white categories. [15] Either they are a success or a failure; either they are good or bad; there is no in-between.
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
All-or-nothing thinking is the destructive art of ignoring life’s nuances. More simply, it’s thinking in extremes. Some people call it black and white thinking or absolutist thinking.
Cognitive distortions can be either a pseudo-discrimination belief [clarification needed] or an overgeneralization of something. [176] CBT techniques may also be used to help individuals take a more open, mindful, and aware posture toward cognitive distortions so as to diminish their impact. [175]
Therefore, distortion is a problem which may be solved by cognitive reframing. Yet another major distinguishing feature between cognitive reframing and cognitive restructuring is awareness. Cognitive reframing can happen subconsciously, while cognitive restructuring, something usually done under the guidance of a therapist, is conscious. [ 6 ]
Chronostasis – Distortion in the perception of time; Cognitive distortion – Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern; Defence mechanism – Unconscious psychological mechanism; Dysrationalia – Inability to think and behave rationally despite adequate intelligence; Fear, uncertainty, and doubt – Tactic used to influence opinion
Arbitrary inference is a classic tenet of cognitive therapy created by Aaron T. Beck in 1979. [1] He defines the act of making an arbitrary inference as the process of drawing a conclusion without sufficient evidence, or without any evidence at all.