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  2. Neher–McGrath method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neher–McGrath_method

    For wire sizes smaller than AWG No. 2 (33.6 mm 2, 0.0521 sq in), this term is also generally regarded as insignificant. R c , a {\textstyle R_{c,a}} is the effective thermal resistance between the conductor and the ambient conditions, which can require significant empirical or theoretical effort to estimate.

  3. Skin effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_effect

    The internal component of a round wire's inductance vs. the ratio of skin depth to radius. That component of the self inductance is reduced below μ/8 π as skin depth becomes small (as frequency increases). The ratio AC resistance to DC resistance of a round wire versus the ratio of the wire's radius to the skin depth.

  4. Ampacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity

    A single insulated conductor in free air has 70 A rating. Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. Electrical code rules will give ratings for wiring where short-term loads are present, for example, in a hoisting motor.

  5. IEC 60228 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_60228

    Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...

  6. American wire gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_wire_gauge

    Wire sized 1 AWG is referred to as "one gauge" or "No. 1" wire; similarly, thinner sizes are pronounced "x gauge" or "No. x" wire, where x is the positive-integer AWG number. Consecutive AWG wire sizes thicker than No. 1 wire are designated by the number of zeros: No. 0, often written 1/0 and referred to as "one-aught" or "single-aught" wire

  7. Litz wire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litz_wire

    The skin effect and proximity effect cause conductors to exhibit higher resistance to alternating current (AC) than to direct current (DC). Due to the dual inverse nature of the electromagnetic field, the skin effect dominates at frequencies less than about 2 MHz; at higher frequencies, the proximity effect becomes the dominant force, and Litz wire induces more DC losses than solid wire or ...

  8. List of electromagnetism equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electromagnetism...

    Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.

  9. Insulator (electricity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)

    Most insulated wire and cable products have maximum ratings for voltage and conductor temperature. The product may not have an ampacity (current-carrying capacity) rating, since this is dependent on the surrounding environment (e.g. ambient temperature). In electronic systems, printed circuit boards are made from epoxy plastic and fibreglass ...