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The term power standing wave ratio (PSWR) is sometimes referred to, and defined as, the square of the voltage standing wave ratio. The term is widely cited as "misleading". [11] The expression "power standing-wave ratio", which may sometimes be encountered, is even more misleading, for the power distribution along a loss-free line is constant. ...
A standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "I" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. [ a ] The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna ).
In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. . Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to t
An important component in the setup is the isolator (3) which prevents power being reflected back into the source. Depending on the test conditions, such reflections can be large and a high-power source may be damaged by the returning wave. The power entering the slotted line is controlled by a rotary variable attenuator (4). This is followed ...
Therefore, transformations P 1 to Q 1 and P 3 to Q 3 are from the Z Smith chart to the Y Smith chart and transformation Q 2 to P 2 is from the Y Smith chart to the Z Smith chart. The following table shows the steps taken to work through the remaining components and transformations, returning eventually back to the centre of the Smith chart and ...
One-element networks are trivial and two-element, [note 3] two-terminal networks are either two elements in series or two elements in parallel, also trivial. The smallest number of elements that is non-trivial is three, and there are two 2-element-kind non-trivial transformations possible, one being both the reverse transformation and the topological dual, of the other.
The line is modeled by a series of differential segments with differential series elements ( , ) and shunt elements ( , ) (as shown in the figure at the beginning of the article). The characteristic impedance is defined as the ratio of the input voltage to the input current of a semi-infinite length of line.
In this way the incident power wave for each of the unused ports becomes zero yielding similar expressions to those obtained for the 2-port case. S-parameters relating to single ports only ( S m m {\displaystyle S_{mm}\,} ) require all of the remaining ports to be loaded with an impedance identical to the system impedance therefore making all ...