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The mitotic index is a measure of cellular proliferation. [1] It is defined as the percentage of cells undergoing mitosis in a given population of cells. Mitosis is the division of somatic cells into two daughter cells. Durations of the cell cycle and mitosis vary in different cell types. An elevated mitotic index indicates more cells are dividing.
Mitotic trigger waves are waves of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity in cells that originate from pacemaker regions of the nucleus and propagate through the cytoplasm. [1]. Because trigger waves do not decrease in speed or amplitude during their propagation, they are more reliable at conveying molecular information across greater distances ...
In histopathology, the mitosis rate (mitotic count or mitotic index) is an important parameter in various types of tissue samples, for diagnosis as well as to further specify the aggressiveness of tumors. For example, there is routinely a quantification of mitotic count in breast cancer classification. [74]
In addition, when mitotic spindles are misaligned, MEN and subsequently Cdc14 are inhibited in a Bub2 and Bfa1-dependent manner to prevent degradation of mitotic cyclins and anaphase entry. [36] Sic1 is a nice example demonstrating how systems-level feedbacks interact to sense the environmental conditions and trigger cell cycle transitions.
The mitotic spindle checkpoint verifies that all the chromosomes are aligned properly on the metaphase plate and prevents premature entry into anaphase. Chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. Two views with the metaphase plate rotated 60°. Stages of early mitosis in a vertebrate cell with micrographs of chromatids
The production of mitotic spindles, as well as SHH signaling and the operation of its interactors, are all likely impacted by STIL overexpression, which is linked to a high histopathological mitotic index in tumors. Overexpression of STIL may function as oncogenes and cause cancer by encouraging spindle abnormalities.
The cyclins are necessary for the kinase subunit to function with the appropriate substrate. The mitotic cyclins can be grouped as cyclins A & B. These cyclins have a nine residue sequence in the N-terminal region called the “destruction box”, which can be recognized by the ubiquitin ligase enzyme which destroys the cyclins when appropriate.
Cell synchronization is a process by which cells in a culture at different stages of the cell cycle are brought to the same phase. Cell synchrony is a vital process in the study of cells progressing through the cell cycle as it allows population-wide data to be collected rather than relying solely on single-cell experiments.