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The main obstacle to viable tin perovskite solar cells is the instability of tin's oxidation state Sn 2+, which is easily oxidized to the stabler Sn 4+. [12] In solar cell research, this process is called self-doping, [13] because the Sn 4+ acts as a p-dopant and reduces solar cell efficiency.
Methylammonium tin halides are solid compounds with perovskite structure and a chemical formula of CH 3 NH 3 SnX 3, where X = I, Br or Cl. They are promising lead-free alternatives to lead perovskites as photoactive semiconductor materials.
These salts are components of perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated for commercialization. [1] The iodide is the most commonly used. Magneto-optical data storage concepts are also being testing based on various ammonium halides. [2]
A perovskite solar cell. A perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a type of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer.
Methylammonium iodide in an organic halide with a formula of CH 3 NH 3 I. It is an ammonium salt composed of methylamine and hydrogen iodide . The primary application for methylammonium iodide, sometimes in combination with other methylammonium halides , is as a component of perovskite (structure) crystalline solar cells .
A perovskite is a crystalline material of formula ABX 3 with a crystal structure similar to that of the mineral perovskite, this latter consisting of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). [2] The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856).
Methylammonium lead halides (MALHs) are solid compounds with perovskite structure and a chemical formula of [CH 3 NH 3] + Pb 2+ (X −) 3, where X = Cl, Br or I. They have potential applications in solar cells, [2] lasers, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, radiation detectors, [3] [4] scintillator, [5] magneto-optical data storage [6] and ...
Perovskite MAPbX 3 thin films have been shown to be promising materials for optical gain applications such as lasers and optical amplifiers. [137] [138] Afterwards, the lasing properties of colloidal perovskite NCs such as CsPbX 3 nanocubes, [19] [139] MAPbBr 3 nanoplatelets [113] and FAPbX 3 nanocubes [83] [82] were also demonstrated.