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  2. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    Molecular orbital diagram of dinitrogen. With nitrogen, we see the two molecular orbitals mixing and the energy repulsion. This is the reasoning for the rearrangement from a more familiar diagram. The σ from the 2p is more non-bonding due to mixing, and same with the 2s σ. This also causes a large jump in energy in the 2p σ* orbital.

  3. Electron shell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell

    The direction of the red arrow indicates the order of state filling. Although it is sometimes stated that all the electrons in a shell have the same energy, this is an approximation. However, the electrons in one subshell do have exactly the same level of energy, with later subshells having more energy per electron than earlier ones. This ...

  4. Electron configuration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration

    Electron atomic and molecular orbitals A Bohr diagram of lithium. In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1]

  5. Nuclear shell model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_shell_model

    These will always fill the lowest available level, with the first two protons filling level zero, the next six protons filling level one, and so on. As with electrons in the periodic table , protons in the outermost shell will be relatively loosely bound to the nucleus if there are only a few protons in that shell because they are farthest from ...

  6. Molecular orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital

    Complete acetylene (H–C≡C–H) molecular orbital set. The left column shows MO's which are occupied in the ground state, with the lowest-energy orbital at the top. The white and grey line visible in some MO's is the molecular axis passing through the nuclei. The orbital wave functions are positive in the red regions and negative in the blue.

  7. Electron configurations of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configurations_of...

    This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell.

  8. Atomic orbital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

    Simple pictures showing orbital shapes are intended to describe the angular forms of regions in space where the electrons occupying the orbital are likely to be found. The diagrams cannot show the entire region where an electron can be found, since according to quantum mechanics there is a non-zero probability of finding the electron (almost ...

  9. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    When atoms interact to form a chemical bond, the atomic orbitals of each atom are said to combine in a process called orbital hybridisation. The two most common types of bonds are sigma bonds (usually formed by hybrid orbitals) and pi bonds (formed by unhybridized p orbitals for atoms of main group elements).