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Some Nigerian scholars state that the Niger Delta conflict has roots in a long history of exploitation and dispossession of the region beginning during the British imperial era: first for slaves during the 17th and 18th century, later for palm oil during the 19th century, and finally for petroleum after Nigerian independence. [22]
Nigeria is the second largest oil and gas producer in Africa (after Angola). [1] Crude oil from the Niger Delta basin comes in two types: light, and comparatively heavy – the lighter has around 36 of API gravity while the heavier has 20–25 of API gravity.
The Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil. [3] The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate .
The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) is a decentralised militant group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. [1] [2] MEND's actions – including sabotage, theft, property destruction, guerrilla warfare, and kidnapping – are part of the broader conflict in the Niger Delta and reduced Nigeria's oil production by 33% between 2006-07.
An oil spill in the fishing village of Kegbara-Dere, Rivers State on the Niger Delta. In 2016 Shell paid US$80 million for the spill [1] Petroleum extraction in the Niger Delta has led to many environmental issues. [2] [3] The delta covers 20,000 km 2 (7,700 sq mi) within wetlands, formed primarily by sediment deposition.
The volume of oil spilled has not been determined, but activists have published images of polluted farmland, water surfaces blighted The post Oil spill makes environmental problems worse in Niger ...
The Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) is a militant group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. [1] The group publicly announced their existence in March 2016. [2]The NDA is known for attacking oil-producing facilities in the deltas, causing the shutdown of oil terminals and a fall in Nigeria's oil production to its lowest level in twenty years. [2]
Since 2006, militant groups in Nigeria's Niger Delta, especially the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), have resorted to taking foreign employees of oil companies hostage as part of the conflict in the Niger Delta. More than 200 foreigners have been kidnapped since 2006, though most were released unharmed. [1]