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2. Smart antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_antenna

   Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.

3. History of smart antennas - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smart_antennas

   The upgrade to digital radio technology in the mobile phone, indoor wireless network, and satellite broadcasting industries created new opportunities for smart antennas in the 1990s, culminating in the development of the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology used in 4G wireless networks.

4. 3G MIMO - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G_MIMO

   A smart antenna is a digital wireless communications antenna system that takes advantage of diversity effect at the source (transmitter), the destination (receiver), or both. MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver).

5. MIMO - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO

   A technology where the number of terminals is much less than the number of base station (mobile station) antennas. [42] In a rich scattering environment, the full advantages of the massive MIMO system can be exploited using simple beamforming strategies such as maximum ratio transmission (MRT), [ 43 ] maximum ratio-combining (MRC) [ 44 ] or ...

6. Digital antenna array - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_antenna_array

   Digital antenna array (receiver segment) Digital antenna array (transmitter part) Digital antenna array (DAA) is a smart antenna with multi channels digital beamforming, usually by using fast Fourier transform (FFT). The development and practical realization of digital antenna arrays theory started in 1962 under the guidance of Vladimir Varyukhin .

7. Many antennas - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_antennas

   Many antennas [1] is a smart antenna technique which overcomes the performance limitation of single user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. In cellular communication, the maximum number of considered antennas for downlink is 2 and 4 to support 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IMT Advanced requirements, respectively.