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A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart and has been identified as the prototype of charts. [1] A bar graph ...
Every graph is the disjoint union of its components. [2] Additional examples include the following special cases: In an empty graph, each vertex forms a component with one vertex and zero edges. [3] More generally, a component of this type is formed for every isolated vertex in any graph. [4] In a connected graph, there is exactly one component ...
A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the sales persons. Part-to-whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market.
Statistical graphics have been central to the development of science and date to the earliest attempts to analyse data. Many familiar forms, including bivariate plots, statistical maps, bar charts, and coordinate paper were used in the 18th century. Statistical graphics developed through attention to four problems: [3]
Bar graphs are arguably the easiest diagrams to use and understand, and they can be made either by hand or with simple computer programs. [76] Most people do not look for bias or errors, so they are not noticed. Thus, people may often believe that something is true even if it is not well represented. [77]
A bar chart may be used to show the comparison across the salespersons. [52] Part-to-whole: Categorical subdivisions are measured as a ratio to the whole (i.e., a percentage out of 100%). A pie chart or bar chart can show the comparison of ratios, such as the market share represented by competitors in a market. [53]
William Playfair (22 September 1759 – 11 February 1823) was a Scottish engineer and political economist.The founder of graphical methods of statistics, [1] Playfair invented several types of diagrams: in 1786 he introduced the line, area and bar chart of economic data, and in 1801 he published what were likely the first pie chart and circle graph, used to show part-whole relations. [2]
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the triconnected components of a biconnected graph are a system of smaller graphs that describe all of the 2-vertex cuts in the graph. An SPQR tree is a tree data structure used in computer science , and more specifically graph algorithms , to represent the triconnected components of a graph.