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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
White solids of impure benzoic acid are obtained. The benzoic acid is decanted to remove the aqueous solution of impurities, more water is added, and the mixture is brought to a boil with more water added to give a homogeneous solution. The solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature, then in an ice bath to recrystallize benzoic acid.
1766 – Henry Cavendish publishes in "On Factitious Airs" a description of "dephlogisticated air" by reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid and isolates a gas 7 to 11 times lighter than air. 1774 – Joseph Priestley isolates and categorizes oxygen. 1780 – Felice Fontana discovers the water-gas shift reaction.
Hydrogen chloride can protonate molecules or ions and can also serve as an acid-catalyst for chemical reactions where anhydrous (water-free) conditions are desired. Because of its acidic nature, hydrogen chloride is a corrosive substance , particularly in the presence of moisture.
The Mannheim process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate from sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. [1] The Mannheim furnace is also used to produce potassium sulfate from potassium chloride. [2] The Mannheim process is a stage in the Leblanc process for the production of sodium carbonate.
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.