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A composite particle (hadron) may fall into either class depending on its composition. In particle physics, a boson (/ ˈboʊzɒn / [1] / ˈboʊsɒn / [2]) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which ...
Nucleons are the fermionic constituents of normal atomic nuclei: Protons, composed of two up and one down quark (uud) Neutrons, composed of two down and one up quark (ddu) Hyperons, such as the Λ, Σ, Ξ, and Ω particles, which contain one or more strange quarks, are short-lived and heavier than nucleons.
The standard model is a quantum field theory, meaning its fundamental objects are quantum fields, which are defined at all points in spacetime. QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta) of their underlying quantum fields, which are more fundamental than the particles. These fields are.
The development of the Standard Model was driven by theoretical and experimental particle physicists alike. The Standard Model is a paradigm of a quantum field theory for theorists, exhibiting a wide range of phenomena, including spontaneous symmetry breaking, anomalies, and non-perturbative behavior.
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, [9][10] is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, [11][12] one of the fields in particle physics theory. [12] In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive ...
Hadron. A hadron is a composite subatomic particle. Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, bosons and fermions. In particle physics, a hadron (/ ˈhædrɒn / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós) 'stout, thick') is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong ...
Elementary particle. In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons.
A composite boson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson. [1] Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons, superfluid helium, Bose–Einstein condensates, atomic bosons, and fermionic condensates. A composite particle containing an even number of fermions is a boson, since it has integer spin.