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In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
For example, on a plot axis showing log 2 fold changes, an 8-fold increase will be displayed at an axis value of 3 (since 2 3 = 8). However, there is no mathematical reason to only use logarithm to base 2, and due to many discrepancies in describing the log 2 fold changes in gene/protein expression , a new term " loget " has been proposed.
A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [ 1 ]
"The value for which P = .05, or 1 in 20, is 1.96 or nearly 2; it is convenient to take this point as a limit in judging whether a deviation is to be considered significant or not." [11] In Table 1 of the same work, he gave the more precise value 1.959964. [12] In 1970, the value truncated to 20 decimal places was calculated to be
Twice (two times) as many as one. doubled. 100% Three 300% Two times more than one, twice more than one, or 200% more than one, because = +. Three times as many as one. tripled. 200% Four 400% Three times more than one, or 300% more than one, because = +. Four times as many as one. quadrupled. 300% Five 500%
[28]: xiii, E-2 Ability to solve problems is important at any military rank, but is essential at the command and control level. It results from deep qualitative and quantitative understanding of possible scenarios. Effectiveness in this context is an evaluation of results: to what extent the end states were accomplished. [28]:
Figure 2 is used for the multiples of 2, 4, 6, and 8. These patterns can be used to memorize the multiples of any number from 0 to 10, except 5. As you would start on the number you are multiplying, when you multiply by 0, you stay on 0 (0 is external and so the arrows have no effect on 0, otherwise 0 is used as a link to create a perpetual cycle).
The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3 , or 3 raised to the 5th power . The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".