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  2. Ancestor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestor

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 25 January 2025. Person from whom another person is descended For other uses, see Ancestor (disambiguation). "Ancestry", "Forefather", and "Ancestress" redirect here. For the genealogy company, see Ancestry.com. For the band, see Forefather (band). For the song, see Ancestress (song). This article needs ...

  3. Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

    Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions.

  4. Definitions of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_philosophy

    Some general characteristics of philosophy are widely accepted, for example, that it is a form of rational inquiry that is systematic, critical, and tends to reflect on its own methods. But such characteristics are usually too vague to give a proper definition of philosophy.

  5. List of philosophical concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_concepts

    A priori and a posteriori; A series and B series; Abductive reasoning; Ability; Absolute; Absolute time and space; Abstract and concrete; Adiaphora; Aesthetic emotions

  6. Philosophes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophes

    The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.

  7. List of ancient Greek philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek...

    Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. ↵Abbreviations used in this list: c. = circa; fl. = flourished

  8. List of philosophies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophies

    Absurdism – Academic skepticism – Achintya Bheda Abheda – Action, philosophy of – Actual idealism – Actualism – Advaita Vedanta – Aesthetic Realism – Aesthetics – African philosophy – Afrocentrism – Agential realism – Agnosticism – Agnostic theism – Ajātivāda – Ājīvika – Ajñana – Alexandrian school – Alexandrists – Ambedkarism – American philosophy ...

  9. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    Bacon's empiricism and Descartes' rationalist philosophy laid the foundation for enlightenment thinking. [21] Descartes' attempt to construct the sciences on a secure metaphysical foundation was not as successful as his method of doubt applied to philosophy, which led to a dualistic doctrine of mind and matter.