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2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an organic chemical compound consisting of two carboxylic acid groups attached to a central furan ring. It was first reported as dehydromucic acid by Rudolph Fittig and Heinzelmann in 1876, who produced it via the action of concentrated hydrobromic acid upon mucic acid . [ 2 ]
[2] [3] As an aromatic polyester from ethylene glycol it is a chemical analogue of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). PEF has been described in (patent) literature since 1951, [ 4 ] but has gained renewed attention since the US department of energy proclaimed its building block, FDCA, as a potential bio-based ...
FDCA may refer to: 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid , oxidized furan derivative and important building block for range of polymers Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act , set of laws passed by Congress giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2,5-Furandicarboxaldehyde (FDC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C 4 H 2 O(CHO) 2. It consists of a furan ring with aldehyde groups on the 2 and 5 position. It is therefore classified as a dialdehyde .
Of these the most important is 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, which has been proposed as a replacement for terephthalic acid in the production of polyesters. [20] [21] HMF can be converted to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a liquid that is a potential biofuel with a greater energy content than bioethanol. Hydrogenation of HMF gives 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl ...
This is a disproportionation reaction and produces a 1:1 ratio of 2-furoic acid and furfuryl alcohol (a 50% yield of each). [6] It remains economical because both products have commercial value. The bio-catalytic route involves the microorganism Nocardia corallina. This produces 2-furoic acid in higher yields: 98% from 2-furfuryl alcohol and 88 ...
Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides.Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and related fluoropolymers.
For L = -1/E d and E d = -1/L, the elasticity of demand for industry A will be -2.5. We can use the value of the Lerner index to calculate the marginal cost (MC) of a firm as follows: 0.4 = (10 – MC) ÷ 10 ⇒ MC = 10 − 4 = 6. The missing values for industry B are found as follows: from the E d value of -2, we find that the Lerner index is ...