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A sample path of compound Poisson risk process. The theoretical foundation of ruin theory, known as the Cramér–Lundberg model (or classical compound-Poisson risk model, classical risk process [2] or Poisson risk process) was introduced in 1903 by the Swedish actuary Filip Lundberg. [3] Lundberg's work was republished in the 1930s by Harald ...
These variables are also shared by other functions of the calculator, for instance, drawing a graph will overwrite the X and Y values. MicroPython was added to Casio graphing from the PRIZM fx-CG50 and the fx-9860 GIII series. The latest Classwiz CG Series of graphing calculators instead use the Python programming language. [12]
The Casio Algebra FX series was a line of graphing calculators manufactured by Japanese electronics company Casio Computer Co., Ltd from 1999 to 2003. They were the successor models to the CFX-9970G, the first Casio calculator with computer algebra system, or CAS, a program for symbolic manipulation of mathematical expressions.
In addition to graphing both equations and inequalities, it also features lists, plots, regressions, interactive variables, graph restriction, simultaneous graphing, piecewise function graphing, recursive function graphing, polar function graphing, two types of graphing grids – among other computational features commonly found in a ...
The Casio FX-7000G is a calculator which is widely known as being the world's first graphing calculator available to the public. It was introduced to the public and later manufactured between 1985 and c. 1988. [2] Notable features are its ability to graph functions, [3] and that it is programmable.
In additive combinatorics, the Plünnecke–Ruzsa inequality is an inequality that bounds the size of various sumsets of a set , given that there is another set so that + is not much larger than . A slightly weaker version of this inequality was originally proven and published by Helmut Plünnecke (1970). [ 1 ]
The Atkinson index is defined as: (, …,) = {(=) / (=) / = (,...,) = +where is individual income (i = 1, 2, ..., N) and is the mean income.. In other words, the Atkinson index is the complement to 1 of the ratio of the Hölder generalized mean of exponent 1−ε to the arithmetic mean of the incomes (where as usual the generalized mean of exponent 0 is interpreted as the geometric mean).
A more frequently encountered inequality measure is the Gini coefficient which is based on the summation, over all income-ordered population-percentiles, of the cumulative income up to each percentile. That sum is divided by the maximum value that it could have (its value with complete equality), to express it as a percentage of its maximum ...