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Age in itself is one of the most important risk factors for developing cancer. Currently, 60% of newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 70% of cancer deaths occur in people aged 65 years or older. [2] Many cancers are linked to aging; these include breast, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung, bladder and stomach cancers.
This means that a person living in an average European dwelling with 50 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 1.5–3 × 10 −3. Similarly, a person living in a dwelling with a high radon concentration of 1000 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 3–6%, implying a doubling of background lung cancer risk. [63]
There is evidence that regular low-dose CT scans in people at high risk of developing lung cancer reduces total lung cancer deaths by as much as 20%. [15] Despite evidence of benefit in these populations, potential harms of screening include the potential for a person to have a 'false positive' screening result that may lead to unnecessary ...
[87] However, studies on the relationship between alcohol consumption and lung cancer have yielded conflicting results. Studies are typically impacted by confounding due to factors like smoking which is one of the most significant risk factors for the development of lung cancer. The association of alcohol consumption with lung cancer is unclear ...
This study was a retrospective, case-control study that compared smoking habits of 684 individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma to those without the condition. [12] The survey included questions about smoking: starting age, 20 year tobacco consumption, brands used; as well as inquires about exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace, alcohol use, and causes of death for family members.
Genetics can also play a role as a family history of lung cancer can contribute to an increased risk of developing the disease. [1] Furthermore, research has revealed specific chromosome regions associated with increased risks of developing lung cancer. [1] In general, DNA damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer. [19]
Stroke could occur at any age, including in childhood, the risk of stroke increases exponentially from 30 years of age, and the cause varies by age. [35] Advanced age is one of the most significant stroke risk factors. 95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older, and two-thirds of strokes occur in those over the age of 65.
However, this increases the risk of lung bleeding, particularly in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Crizotinib shows benefit in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer that is characterized by the EML4-ALK fusion oncogene, [24] and is approved by the FDA. [25] EML4-ALK is found in some relatively young, never or light smokers with ...
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