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Competitive intelligence is a legal business practice, as opposed to industrial espionage, which is illegal. [4]The focus is on the external business environment. [5]There is a process involved in gathering information, converting it into intelligence, and then using it in decision-making.
Project Socrates was a classified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency program established in 1983 within the Reagan administration.It was founded and directed by physicist Michael C. Sekora to determine why the United States was unable to maintain economic competitiveness—and to rectify the situation.
The Wechsler intelligence scales were originally developed from earlier intelligence scales by David Wechsler.David Wechsler, using the clinical and statistical skills he gained under Charles Spearman and as a World War I psychology examiner, crafted a series of intelligence tests.
Especially in intelligence, both governmental and business, analysts must always be aware that the opponent(s) is intelligent and may be generating information intended to deceive. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Since deception often is the result of a cognitive trap, Elsaesser and Stech use state-based hierarchical plan recognition (see abductive reasoning ) to ...
As research into MI comes from scholars and non-scholars of different backgrounds it has resulted in a fragmented state of research. This has led to MI being used interchangeably with other market terms such as competitive intelligence, business intelligence and strategic intelligence. [9]
IQ and Human Intelligence (second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958559-5. The second edition of a leading textbook on human intelligence, used in highly selective universities throughout the English-speaking world, with extensive references to research literature. Hunt, Earl (2011). Human Intelligence. Cambridge ...
According to Ewen Montagu, John Godfrey devised this system when he was director of the Naval Intelligence Division (N.I.D.) around the time of World War II. [5] The system employed by the United States Armed Forces rates the reliability of the source as well as the information. The source reliability is rated between A (history of complete ...
The Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals is one of the only global membership organizations in the rapidly growing field of competitive intelligence and business strategy. SCIP is a global not-for-profit association whose 7,000 members conduct competitor research and analysis for large and small companies, and help manage planning ...