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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (UK: / ˈ p r uː d ɒ̃ /, [1] US: / p r uː ˈ d ɒ̃, p r uː ˈ d oʊ n /; French: [pjɛʁ ʒozɛf pʁudɔ̃]; 15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French anarchist, socialist, philosopher, and economist who founded mutualist philosophy and is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". [2]
At the time, Proudhon was still serving the last year of a prison sentence begun in 1849, for criticizing Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte as a reactionary. The central theme of the book is the historical necessity of revolution, and the impossibility of preventing it.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first self-described anarchist and the primary proponent of mutualism. The term "mutualist" was adopted in 1828 by the canuts of Lyon, who went on to lead a series of revolts throughout the 1830s. [4]
The first school of social anarchism was formulated by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, whose theory of mutualism retained a form of private property, [37] advocating for enterprises to be self-managed by worker cooperatives, which would compensate its workers in labour vouchers issued by "people's banks". [38]
The term was originally coined in 1840 by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in his book What is Property? [2] to mean a society ruled by a scientific government, i.e., one whose sovereignty rests upon reason, rather than sheer will: [3]
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Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865) advocated a conception of social contract that did not involve an individual surrendering sovereignty to others. According to him, the social contract was not between individuals and the state, but rather among individuals who refrain from coercing or governing each other, each one maintaining complete ...
According to McElroy, "[o]ne of the most important of these influences was the French political philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, whose words "Liberty is not the Daughter But the Mother of Order" appeared as a motto on Liberty's masthead", [1] an influential individualist anarchist publication of Benjamin Tucker.