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Nonetheless, there are some early examples of what would today be considered civil defense. For example, as early as 1692, the village of Bedford, New York, kept on staff a drummer, whose responsibility was to sound the town drum in the event of a Native American attack—a very early precursor to the wailing sirens of the Cold War. [1]
In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government. [ 5 ]
Civilian-based defense, according to Professor Gene Sharp, a scholar of non-violent struggle, is a "policy [in which] the whole population and the society's institutions become the fighting forces.Their weaponry consists of a vast variety of forms of psychological, economic, social, and political resistance and counter-attack.
Disarmament means the physical removal of the means of combat from ex-belligerents (weapons, ammunition, etc.). Demobilization means the disbanding of armed groups. Reintegration means the process of reintegrating former combatants into civilian society, reducing the number of people immediately ready to engage in armed combat.
The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was established by the Arms Control and Disarmament Act, Pub. L. 87–297, 75 Stat. 631, enacted September 26, 1961. [1] The H.R. 9118 bill was drafted by presidential adviser John J. McCloy. [2] [3] Its predecessor was the U.S. Disarmament Administration, part of the U.S. Department of State (1960–61).
Four decades ago, the United States deployed cruise and Pershing II nuclear missiles in Europe to counter Soviet SS-20s - a move that stoked Cold War tensions but led within years to a historic ...
Civil Defense literature, such as Survival Under Atomic Attack, was common during the Cold War Era. Perhaps the most memorable aspect of the Cold War civil defense effort was the educational effort made or promoted by the government. [16] In Duck and Cover, Bert the Turtle advocated that children "duck and cover" when they "see the flash."
The Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) The Cold War Files; Documents available online regarding aerial intelligence during the Cold War, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library; Bibliographies. Annotated bibliography for the arms race from the Alsos Digital Library; News. Video and audio news reports from during the cold war ...