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Healthy salt marsh. In salt marshes, early ecologists like Eugene Odum and John Teal sparked the current bottom-up paradigm in ecology through work on Sapelo Island, GA (U.S.A) that stressed the dominant role of physical factors like temperature, salinity, and nutrients in regulating plant primary productivity and ecosystem structure (Teal 1962, Odum 1971).
Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool. [2]: 2248 It plays a crucial role in limiting climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There are two main types of carbon sequestration: biologic (also called biosequestration) and geologic. [3]
Salt marsh dieback results in the death of marsh-specific plants and the erosion of the landscape. High salt marsh dieback, or salt marsh browning, is the primary force in salt marsh degradation in the high marsh. The general effect is that the plants in the marsh die off and brown, leaving dead organic matter, and ultimately open sediment.
Coastal blue carbon includes mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses. These make up a majority of ocean plant life and store large quantities of carbon. Deep blue carbon is located in international waters and includes carbon contained in "continental shelf waters, deep-sea waters and the sea floor beneath them". [4]
Mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses make up the majority of the ocean's vegetated habitats. They only equal 0.05% of the plant biomass on land. But they store carbon 40 times faster than tropical forests. [132] Bottom trawling, dredging for coastal development and fertilizer runoff have damaged coastal habitats.
The salinity levels in brackish marshes can range from 0.5 ppt to 35 ppt. [2] Marshes are also characterised by low-growing vegetation and bare mud or sand flats. [3] Due to the variations in salinity, brackish marshes create a distinctive ecosystem where plants from either freshwater or saltwater marshes can co-inhabit. [4]
Coastal wetlands, such as salt marshes, can sequester carbon at a rate up to ten times that of a mature tropical forest. [9] Through photosynthesis, marsh vegetation capture large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. [9] This carbon is stored in plant tissues and soil for hundreds or thousands of years. [9]
Between 2006 and 2010, R.E. Burger was a test site for the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership's (MRCSP) carbon sequestration project. The project tested the potential of capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and injecting it into geologic rock acting as a storage well. [13]