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Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
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Often the word is defined more broadly. For example, a 2010 International Alert publication defined anocracies as "countries that are neither autocratic nor democratic, most of which are making the risky transition between autocracy and democracy". [41] Alert noted that the number of anocracies had increased substantially since the end of the ...
Democracy is the most popular form of government. More than half of the nations in the world are democracies—97 of 167, as of 2021. [45] However, the world is becoming more authoritarian with a quarter of the world's population under democratically backsliding governments. [45] Democracy Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit, 2017 [46]
World-systems analysis contends that capitalism as a historical system formed earlier and that countries do not "develop" in stages, but the system does, and events have a different meaning as a phase in the development of historical capitalism, the emergence of the three ideologies of the national developmental mythology (the idea that ...
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government. The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [1]
Under rational-legal authority, legitimacy is seen as coming from a legal order and the laws that have been enacted in it (see also natural law and legal positivism).. Weber defined legal order as a system where the rules are enacted and obeyed as legitimate because they are in line with other laws on how they can be enacted and how they should be obeyed.
This is the present-day iron cage of institutionalized capitalism. Weber presents his argument in an ironic form. Religion of a particular sort was necessary to revolutionize the economy and the world. A Protestant ethic drove the reorganization of traditional economic life to become a calculating efficient system.