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Haugeland's description of GOFAI refers to symbol manipulation governed by a set of instructions for manipulating the symbols. The "symbols" he refers to are discrete physical things that are assigned a definite semantics -- like <cat> and <mat>.
A physical symbol system (also called a formal system) takes physical patterns (symbols), combining them into structures (expressions) and manipulating them (using processes) to produce new expressions. The physical symbol system hypothesis (PSSH) is a position in the philosophy of artificial intelligence formulated by Allen Newell and Herbert ...
Semiotics is the theory of symbols and falls in three parts; logical syntax, the theory of the mutual relations of symbols, logical semantics, the theory of the relations between the symbol and what the symbol stands for, and; logical pragmatics, the relations between symbols, their meanings and the users of the symbols." [29]
The semiotic manipulation of signs is the essential characteristic ("Propaganda is a major form of manipulation by symbols" ). [5] Thus, propaganda is a special form of communication, which is studied in communication research, and especially in media impact research, focusing on media manipulation. [6]
FORM is a symbolic manipulation system. It reads text files containing definitions of mathematical expressions as well as statements that tell it how to manipulate these expressions. Its original author is Jos Vermaseren of Nikhef, the Dutch institute for subatomic physics. It is widely used in the theoretical particle physics community, but it ...
A FBI document obtained by Wikileaks details the symbols and logos used by pedophiles to identify sexual preferences. According to the document members of pedophilic organizations use of ...
Hidden meanings of 10 professional symbols. WalletPop Staff. Updated July 14, 2016 at 9:07 PM.
To think that we can simply abandon symbol-manipulation is to suspend disbelief. And yet, for the most part, that's how most current AI proceeds. Hinton and many others have tried hard to banish symbols altogether. The deep learning hope—seemingly grounded not so much in science, but in a sort of historical grudge—is that intelligent ...