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Regular use of a gum shield during sports and other high-risk activities (such as military training) is the most effective prevention for dental trauma. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] They are mainly being fitted on the upper teeth as it has higher risk of dental trauma compared to the lower teeth.
Periodontal pathology, also termed gum diseases or periodontal diseases, are diseases involving the periodontium (the tooth supporting structures, i.e. the gums). The periodontium is composed of alveolar bone , periodontal ligament , cementum and gingiva .
As gingivitis progresses further and is not treated, it may progress into periodontitis. Periodontal disease is when the gums surrounding the teeth become swollen causing surrounding plaque to build up. If left untreated can cause the teeth to become loose due to weak gums. Periodontal disease can compromise factors such as: [4] Gingiva
Irritation fibroma is a type of fibroma that occurs on the mucosa of the oral cavity. [2] Irritation fibromas are common benign tumors that are asymptomatic and resemble scarring.
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
The cause is the chronic parafunctional activity of the masticatory system, which produces frictional, crushing, and incisive damage to the mucosal surface, and over time, the characteristic lesions develop.
Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset.The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of interdental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth).
Calculus formation is associated with a number of clinical manifestations, including bad breath, receding gums and chronically inflamed gingiva. Brushing and flossing can remove plaque from which calculus forms; however, once formed, calculus is too hard (firmly attached) to be removed with a toothbrush.