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The Bhagavad Gita (/ ˈ b ʌ ɡ ə v ə d ˈ ɡ iː t ɑː /; [1] Sanskrit: भगवद्गीता, IPA: [ˌbʱɐɡɐʋɐd ˈɡiːtɑː], romanized: bhagavad-gītā, lit. 'God's song'), [a] often referred to as the Gita (IAST: gītā), is a Hindu scripture, dated to the second or first century BCE, [7] which forms part of the epic Mahabharata.
If desiring Moksha without the body, read the 108 Upanishads. Hear their order. Most scholars list ten upanishads as principal, or the Mukhya Upanishads, while some consider eleven, twelve or thirteen as principal, or the most important Upanishads (highlighted). [10] [11] [12] The list of 108 names is given in verses 30–39. They are as follows:
Shloka or śloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka, from the root श्रु śru, lit. ' hear ' [1] [2] in a broader sense, according to Monier-Williams's dictionary, is "any verse or stanza; a proverb, saying"; [3] but in particular it refers to the 32-syllable verse, derived from the Vedic anuṣṭubh metre, used in the Bhagavad Gita and many other works of classical Sanskrit literature.
[107] [108] [109] It is important in Indian religious literature for its emphasis on the practice of devotion compared to the more theoretical approach of the Bhagavad Gita, for challenging the ritualism of the Vedas, and for its extended description of a God in human form. [5] The Srimad Bhagavatam is the very essence of all the Vedanta ...
Aitareya Upanishad is a primary ancient Upanishad, and is listed as number 8 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads. Considered one of the middle Upanishads, the date of composition is not known but has been estimated by scholars to be sometime around 6th or 5th century BCE.
Catur sloka is a Sanskrit term, referring to the four most important verses from a scripture, usually Bhagavad-gita or Bhagavata Purana spoken directly by Svayam bhagavan and considered by some Śruti.
The Muktikā Upanishad's list of 108 Upanishads groups the first 13 as mukhya, [80] [note 6] 21 as Sāmānya Vedānta, 18 as Sannyāsa, [84] 14 as Vaishnava, 14 as Shaiva, 8 as Shakta, and 20 as Yoga. [85] The 108 Upanishads as recorded in the Muktikā are shown in the table below. [78] The mukhya Upanishads are the most important and ...
A mantra (Pali: mantra) or mantram (Devanagari: मन्त्रम्) [1] is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words (most often in an Indo-Iranian language like Sanskrit or Avestan) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.