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According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.
The result of the quest for a more accurate, flatter shooting .45 caliber cartridge and firearm was the Springfield trapdoor rifle. Like the .50-70, the .45-70 used a copper center-fire case design. A reduced power loading was also adopted for use in the Trapdoor carbine. This had a 55-grain (3.6 g) powder charge.
Springfield Model 1870 – .50-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [8] Springfield Model 1870 Remington-Navy – .50-70 caliber rolling-block rifle. [9] Springfield Model 1871 – .50-70 caliber rolling-block rifle. [10] Springfield Model 1873 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [11] Springfield Model 1875 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor officer's rifle. [12 ...
The Model 1868 was also the first trapdoor conversion to use the cartridge extractor covered by U.S. Patent No. 68,009, issued August 27, 1867 to W.H. & G.W. Miller. The Model 1868 had an overall length of 51 7 ⁄ 8 inches. [1] Over 50,000 Model 1868 rifles were manufactured, chambered for the .50-70 450 cartridge.
The model 1884 traces its roots back to the design of the Springfield 1873. The model 1884 incorporated a significant number of improvements that had been made between 1878 and 1879. It also featured a serrated trigger that had been incorporated into the Springfield rifle design in 1883.
In 1888 the Mexican government purchased a 100 Model 1883 Winchester Hotchkiss rifles [2] In the 1880s, Costa Rica purchased a small quantity of Winchester-Hotchkisss M1880 rifles and carbines chambered in 43 Spanish. [3] Winchester also produced a civilian sporting version of the Hotchkiss, likewise in caliber .45-70 Government, until 1899.
Like many other armed forces, the U.S. Army searched for a new rifle in the early 1890s to replace their old Springfield Model 1873 "trapdoor" single-shot rifles. A competition was held in 1892, comparing rifle designs from Lee , Krag–Jørgensen , Mannlicher , Mauser , Schmidt–Rubin , and about 40 other military and civilian designs.
Rather than re-tool their production equipment to make an item that was now considered obsolete, Springfield Armory chose instead to modify the Model 1873 to use a new bayonet system. [ 1 ] In the days of smooth bore muskets , bayonets had played a considerable role on the battlefield, often accounting for many of battlefield casualties.