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  2. EBU R 128 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBU_R_128

    EBU R 128 is a recommendation for loudness normalisation and maximum level of audio signals. It is primarily followed during audio mixing of television and radio programmes and adopted by broadcasters to measure and control programme loudness. [1]

  3. Phon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phon

    A sound with a loudness of 1 sone is judged equally loud as a 1 kHz tone with a sound pressure level of 40 decibels above 20 micropascals. [1] The phon is psychophysically matched to a reference frequency of 1 kHz. [2] In other words, the phon matches the sound pressure level in decibels of a similarly perceived 1 kHz pure tone. [3]

  4. Loudness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness

    When sensorineural hearing loss (damage to the cochlea or in the brain) is present, the perception of loudness is altered. Sounds at low levels (often perceived by those without hearing loss as relatively quiet) are no longer audible to the hearing impaired, but sounds at high levels often are perceived as having the same loudness as they would for an unimpaired listener.

  5. Audio system measurements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_system_measurements

    The commonly given measurement of PMPO (peak music power out) is largely meaningless and often used in marketing literature; in the late 1960s there was much controversy over this point and the US Government (FTA) required that RMS figures be quoted for all high fidelity equipment. Music power has been making a comeback in recent years.

  6. Safe listening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_listening

    [3] [10] Although specific regulations vary across the world, most workplace best practices consider 85 decibels (dB A-weighted) averaged over eight hours per day as the highest safe exposure level for a 40-year lifetime. Using an exchange rate, typically 3 dB, allowable listening time is halved as the sound level increases by the selected rate.

  7. Weighting filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighting_filter

    In sound measurement, we measure the loudness of the sound in decibels (dB). Decibels are logarithmic with 0 dB as the reference. [1] There are also a range of frequencies that sounds can have. Frequency is the number of times a sine wave repeats itself in a second. [2] Normal auditory systems can usually hear between 20 and 20,000 Hz. [2]

  8. Hearing range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range

    Logarithmic chart of the hearing ranges of some animals [1] [2] Hearing range describes the frequency range that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels. The human range is commonly given as 20 to 20,000 Hz, although there is considerable variation between individuals, especially at high ...

  9. Loudspeaker measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker_measurement

    Achieving truly realistic reproduction requires speakers capable of much higher levels than this, ideally around 130 dB SPL. Even though the level of live music measured on a (slow responding and RMS reading) sound level meter might be in the region of 100 dB SPL, programme level peaks on percussion will far exceed this. Most speakers give ...