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A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol N) and the other represents the number of protons (atomic number, symbol Z) in the atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents a nuclide of a known or hypothetical chemical element.
The nuclear mass defect is usually converted into nuclear binding energy, which is the minimum energy required to disassemble the nucleus into its constituent nucleons. This conversion is done with the mass-energy equivalence: E = ∆mc2. However it must be expressed as energy per mole of atoms or as energy per nucleon.
Chart of nuclides (isotopes) by binding energy, depicting the valley of stability. The diagonal line corresponds to equal numbers of neutrons and protons. Dark blue squares represent nuclides with the greatest binding energy, hence they correspond to the most stable nuclides. The binding energy is greatest along the floor of the valley of ...
The gravitational binding energy of an object, such as a celestial body, is the energy required to expand the material to infinity. If a body with the mass and radius of Earth were made purely of hydrogen-1, then the gravitational binding energy of that body would be about 0.391658 eV per atom. If a hydrogen-1 body had the mass and radius of ...
A nuclide (or nucleide, from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state. [1] The word nuclide was coined by the American nuclear physicist Truman P. Kohman in 1947. [2][3] Kohman defined nuclide as a "species of atom ...
The first printed edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart of 1958 in the form of a wall chart was created by Walter Seelmann-Eggebert and his assistant Gerda Pfennig. Walter Seelmann-Eggebert was director of the Radiochemistry Institute in the 1956 founded "Kernreaktor Bau- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH" in Karlsruhe, Germany (a predecessor institution of the later "(Kern-)Forschungszentrum ...
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