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Allele frequency. Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.
A gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a diffusible product. This product may be protein (as is the case in the majority of genes) or may be RNA (as is the case of genes that code for tRNA and rRNA). The crucial feature is that the product diffuses away from its site of synthesis to act elsewhere.
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, [1] [2] and a haplogroup (haploid from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and English: group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation. [3]
The major paternal lineages of South Asian populations, represented by Y chromosomes, are haplogroups R1a1, R2, H, L, and J2, [5] as well as O-M175 in some parts (northeastern region) of the Indian subcontinent. [6] Haplogroup R is the most observed Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup among the populations of South Asia, [4] followed by H, L, and J, in ...
Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population. [2] In population genetics, the genotype frequency is the frequency or proportion (i.e., 0 < f < 1) of genotypes in a population. Although allele and genotype frequencies are related, it is ...
ISOGG. v. t. e. Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure. [1]
Genetic distance. Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation. [ 2 ] Populations with many similar alleles have small genetic distances.
Haplogroup O-M122 (also known as Haplogroup O2 (formerly Haplogroup O3)) is an Eastern Eurasian Y-chromosome haplogroup.The lineage ranges across Southeast Asia and East Asia, where it dominates the paternal lineages with extremely high frequencies.