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separating the reaction mixture into organic and aqueous layers by liquid-liquid extraction. removal of solvents by evaporation. purification by chromatography, distillation or recrystallization. The work-up steps required for a given chemical reaction may require one or more of these manipulations.
The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is a nucleophilic addition to the nitrile with the aid of a polarizing Lewis acid, forming an imine, which is later hydrolyzed during the aqueous workup to yield the final aryl ketone. Hoesch reaction mechanism
The McMurry reaction of benzophenone. The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent.
The complex is destroyed upon aqueous workup to give the desired ketone. For example, the classical synthesis of deoxybenzoin calls for 1.1 equivalents of AlCl 3 with respect to the limiting reagent, phenylacetyl chloride. [14]
Using the enolate, an aldol condensation then occurs with aqueous or acidic workup—i.e., aldol addition followed by an E1cB elimination of hydroxide occurs. [ 1 ] mechanism of the reaction
The mechanism below contains at least one fluorine atom as the substituent, which is the prototype structure that Tamao studied. Fluoride, provided by a fluoride source or a donor solvent, attacks the fluorosilane in a fast and reversible step to give a pentacoordinated species.
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
The Corey–House synthesis (also called the Corey–Posner–Whitesides–House reaction and other permutations) is an organic reaction that involves the reaction of a lithium diorganylcuprate with an organic halide or pseudohalide (′) to form a new alkane, as well as an ill-defined organocopper species and lithium (pseudo)halide as byproducts.