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Gynodioecy / ˌ dʒ ɪ n oʊ d aɪ ˈ iː s i / is a rare breeding system that is found in certain flowering plant species in which female and hermaphroditic plants coexist within a population. Gynodioecy is the evolutionary intermediate between hermaphroditism (exhibiting both female and male parts) and dioecy (having two distinct morphs: male ...
a sexual system for plants when female, hermaphrodite, and gynomonoecious plants coexist in the same population. [24]: 360 Monoicy: one of the main sexual systems in bryophytes. [17] In monoicy male and female sex organs are present in the same gametophyte. [18] Monoecy: a sexual system in which male and female flowers are present on the same ...
In gynomonoecious species, the plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and separate male-sterile pistillate flowers. [36] One example is the meadow saxifrage, Saxifraga granulata. [39] Charles Darwin gave several other examples in his 1877 book "The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species". [40]
Sexual selection is a common concept in animal evolution but, with plants, it is often overlooked because many plants are hermaphrodites. Flowering plants show many characteristics that are often sexually selected for. For example, flower symmetry, nectar production, floral structure, and inflorescences are just a few of the many secondary sex ...
Animals may be dioecious or sequential hermaphrodites. Sex allocation theory also applies to flowering plants, which can be dioecious, simultaneous hermaphrodites, have unisexual plants and hermaphroditic plants in the same population, have unisexual flowers and hermaphroditic flowers on the same plant or to have only hermaphroditic flowers. [3]
Such male sterility in hermaphrodite populations leads to gynodioecious populations (populations with coexisting fully functioning hermaphrodites and male-sterile hermaphrodites). Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control (under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes).
Sequential hermaphroditism in plants is the process in which a plant changes its sex during its lifetime. Sequential hermaphroditism in plants is very rare. There are less than 0.1% of recorded cases in which plant species entirely change their sex. [ 65 ]
Trioecy / t r aɪ ˈ iː s i /, also spelled triecy, is a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites. It has been found in both plants and animals . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like androdioecy and gynodioecy , trioecy is a mixed mating systems .