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  2. Terpene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene

    Terpenes are classified by the number of carbons: monoterpenes (C 10), sesquiterpenes (C 15), diterpenes (C 20), as examples. The terpene alpha-pinene is a major component of the common solvent, turpentine. The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e., polyisoprene).

  3. Monoterpene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoterpene

    Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C 10 H 16. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings (monocyclic and bicyclic). Modified terpenes, such as those containing oxygen functionality or missing a methyl group, are called monoterpenoids. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids ...

  4. Terpenoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid

    Terpenoids are modified terpenes, [7] wherein methyl groups have been moved or removed, or oxygen atoms added. Some authors use the term "terpene" more broadly, to include the terpenoids. Just like terpenes, the terpenoids can be classified according to the number of isoprene units that comprise the parent terpene:

  5. Diterpene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diterpene

    Although a wide range of terpene structures exist, few of them are biologically significant; by contrast, diterpenoids possess a rich pharmacology and include important compounds such as retinol, phytol or taxadiene.

  6. Sesquiterpene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesquiterpene

    Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C 15 H 24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be cyclic or contain rings, including many combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids. [1]

  7. Triterpene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triterpene

    Triterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of six isoprene units with the molecular formula C 30 H 48; they may also be thought of as consisting of three terpene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squalene, the precursor to all steroids. [1] [2]

  8. Isoprene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprene

    The plural 'isoprenes' is sometimes used to refer to terpenes in general. Examples of ... U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service ...

  9. Saponin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponin

    The vast heterogeneity of structures underlying this class of compounds makes generalizations difficult; they're a subclass of terpenoids, oxygenated derivatives of terpene hydrocarbons. Terpenes in turn are formally made up of five-carbon isoprene units (The alternate steroid base is a terpene missing a few carbon atoms). Derivatives are ...

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