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Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.
A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the MTP joint connecting the big toe to the foot. [2] The big toe often bends towards the other toes and the joint becomes red and painful. [2] The onset of bunions is typically gradual. [2] Complications may include bursitis or arthritis. [2] The exact cause is unclear. [1]
In humans, the hallux is usually longer than the second toe, but in some individuals, it may not be the longest toe. There is an inherited trait in humans, where the dominant gene causes a longer second toe ("Morton's toe" or "Greek foot") while the homozygous recessive genotype presents with the more common trait: a longer hallux. [2]
The great toe is referred to as the hallux. The regions of the upper limbs, from superior to inferior, are the axillary region encompassing the armpit, the brachial region encompassing the upper arm, the antecubital region encompassing the front of the elbow, the antebrachial region encompassing the forearm, the carpal region encompassing the ...
The metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP joints) are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes.They are analogous to the knuckles of the hand, and are consequently known as toe knuckles in common speech.
Hallux valgus (bunion) Hallux varus; Diabetic Arthropathy (Charcot Foot) Rheumatoid arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Disorders of the bones. Fracture; Jones Fracture;
Akin osteotomy is a surgical procedure often used in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, more commonly known as a bunion. [1] A bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, often resulting in the toe pointing abnormally toward the second toe.
Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [ 2 ] This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus , or underlying causes such as arthritides .